癌症是一组可影响身体任何部位的多种疾病的通称。使用的其它术语为恶性肿瘤和赘生物。癌症的一个决定性特征是异常细胞快速生成，这些细胞超越其通常边界生长并可侵袭身体的临近部位和扩散到其它器官。后者被称为转移。广泛转移是癌症死亡的主要原因。
Regional indicators could happen as a result of mass of your tumor or its ulceration. One example is, mass outcomes from lung cancer can block the bronchus causing cough or pneumonia; esophageal cancer could cause narrowing of the esophagus, which makes it difficult or agonizing to swallow; and colorectal most cancers might produce narrowing or blockages while in the bowel, influencing bowel practices. Masses in breasts or testicles could make observable lumps.
L’utilisation massive du plastique jetable, le manque de traitement des déchets toxiques industriels mais aussi domestiques est impactent aussi bien l’air que l’eau. L'absence de traitement des eaux usées fait que le tiers de l’eau est impropre à la consommation
The influenced genes are divided into two wide groups. Oncogenes are genes that endorse mobile progress and replica. Tumor suppressor genes are genes that inhibit cell division and survival. Malignant transformation can arise throughout the development of novel oncogenes, the inappropriate above-expression of standard oncogenes, or via the under-expression or disabling of tumor suppressor genes.
内分泌腺切除术：适用于依赖激素生长的癌症，如：乳腺癌可切除卵巢、脑垂体等，前列腺癌切除睾丸，现已少用。
有多种类型，常见药物有利妥昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗、贝伐珠单抗、替吡法尼、伊马替尼、索拉非尼、舒尼替尼、血管抑素、硼替佐米等。
全身性的症狀：體重減輕、食欲不振、惡病體質、大量出汗（夜間盜汗）、貧血
Epigenetic alterations take place often in cancers. For example, one review stated protein coding genes that were regularly altered inside their methylation in association with colon cancer.
In the 1970s, a comparatively popular choice cancer remedy in the US was a specialized form of chat therapy, determined by the idea that most cancers was attributable to a foul Frame of mind.[244] People with a "most cancers personality"—depressed, repressed, self-loathing and frightened to specific their thoughts—were being believed to obtain manifested cancer as a result of subconscious desire. Some psychotherapists claimed that treatment method to alter the patient's outlook on lifetime would cure the most cancers.[244] Among other effects, this belief allowed society guilty the target for acquiring prompted the most cancers (by "seeking" it) or acquiring prevented its get rid of (by not becoming a adequately delighted, fearless and loving man or woman).
Engraving with two views of the Dutch female who had a tumor faraway from her neck in 癌症 1689 Cancer has existed for all of human historical past.[226] The earliest penned report relating to cancer is from c. 1600 BC within the Egyptian Edwin Smith Papyrus and describes breast most cancers.[226] Hippocrates (c. 460 BC – c. 370 BC) described various kinds of most cancers, referring to them with the Greek phrase καρκίνος karkinos (crab or crayfish).[226] This title emanates from the appearance of your Minimize surface area of a strong malignant tumor, with "the veins stretched on all sides as being the animal the crab has its toes, whence it derives its title".
Environmental or lifestyle aspects that caused most cancers to acquire in an individual is usually determined by analyzing mutational signatures from genomic sequencing of tumor DNA.
Some different treatment options are investigated and proven to get ineffective but still keep on to become marketed and promoted. Most cancers researcher Andrew J. Vickers mentioned, "The label 'unproven' is inappropriate for these kinds of therapies; it is actually time to claim that a lot of alternate most cancers therapies happen to be 'disproven'."[204]
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相反的，子宮頸抹片檢查在所有種類的癌症篩檢中則具有最好的成本效益。以公共衛生考量來看，子宮頸癌的病程發展通常十分緩慢，長達數年，又具有明顯的危險因子（性接觸），因此有相當高的機會可在癌症仍是早期時篩檢出來，最重要的是，抹片的成本很低，能夠大量推行。基於這些原因，一項癌症篩檢是否應該進行，民眾的健康改善程度和篩檢的成本與治療的風險都必須列入考慮。